In the United States, genital herpes has reached epidemic proportions, with more than 25% of the adult population infected with HSV.( 3) Epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of HSV-2 is increasing significantly in China.( 4) However, as the majority of individuals infected with HSV-2 have no clinical symptoms, their sexual partners face a substantial risk of infection.( 5, 6) In addition, primary infection during pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortion, prematurity and neonatal herpes.( 7) Therefore, the ability to differentiate HSV-2 infection from HSV-1 infection is becoming increasingly important, as it will enable the optimisation of disease treatment as well as help prevent disease transmission to sexual partners and neonates, since suitable precautions can be taken once the disease is identified.Ī diagnosis of HSV-2 infection can be achieved using various methods, including virus isolation, nucleic acid techniques, and detection of viral antigens and/or specific antibodies. Recent studies have shown that HSV-2 infection is related to the occurrence of cervical cancer and that it increases the risk of AIDS infection.( 2) Based on the antigenicity of HSVs, the viruses can be divided into HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) both types share a high degree of genetic homology.( 1) HSV-1 is the most common cause of oral herpes, while HSV-2 is the most common cause of genital herpes, which is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most common human pathogens. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay The study indicates that gG 321–580His has a high diagnostic potential for HSV-2 virus serodiagnosis in humans. In testing 318 field serum samples, the diagnostic relative sensitivity and specificity of the developed gG 321–580His-ELISA test in qualitative comparison with the commercial kit were 93.81% and 96.74%, respectively, and the accuracy was 94.65%. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using gG 321–580His as the diagnostic antigen and evaluated by comparison with a commercial HerpeSelect 2 ELISA immunoglobulin G kit as reference. We successfully expressed a fragment of gG comprising residues 321–580 of HSV-2 with histidine tag (gG 321–580His) in a Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system, which had an antigenicity similar to its native counterpart. As immunological diagnosis kits for accurate differentiation between HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies can be expensive, there is a need to develop a convenient, sensitive, specific and cost-effective serodiagnostic kit. Glycoprotein G (gG) is a prototype antigen for type-specific serodiagnosis distinguishing between HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 infections. Contact the University of Washington Clinical Virology Lab (206 685-8037) for ordering instructions.Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of genital herpes. CSF antibody testing will be performed ONLY when paired with a serum sample. For accurate seroconversion determination, the acute and convalescent samples should be drawn at least 12 -16 weeks apart.įor CSF, see HSV SemiQnt Rapid PCR, Swab/CSF (Herpes Simplex Virus by PCR). It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.įor Paired samples, see Herpes Simplex Seroconversion Panel by Western Blot (Paired) for seroconversion on paired serum samples. This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by the University of Washington Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology. HSV2 - Positive, Negative or Indeterminate.HSV1 - Positive, Negative or Indeterminate.The pattern of staining on the two blots (HSV-1 and HSV-2) is dictated by the number and identity of the HSV proteins to which the patient's immune system has antibody. Antibodies, which bind to the viral proteins, are detected by an enzyme-mediated color change. The strips of paper or "blots" containing separated fixed proteins from either HSV-1 or HSV-2 are incubated with the patient's serum. HSV1 and HSV2 proteins from detergent lysates ("Bernstein's lysate") of HSV infected cells are separated by electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose paper. The detection of HSV1 and HSV2 IgG class antibodies by Western blot in serum or CSF.
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